Which of the following is an example of secondary succession?

• A. Primary succession example
• B. Secondary succession example
• C. Pioneer species example
• D. Weather

Answer: (B)

Secondary succession happens when an ecosystem regrows after a disturbance that leaves the soil intact, allowing seeds, roots, and microorganisms to persist and recolonize. Because the soil and much of the biological seed bank remain, recovery is quicker and follows a sequence where early, fast-growing, disturbance-tolerant species first establish, paving the way for later, longer-lived species.

The best choice points to a secondary-succession scenario because it directly references this form of succession. In contrast, primary succession would involve an area with no soil at all (like bare rock after a lava flow). A pioneer species concept is about the first colonizers but isn’t itself an example of secondary succession. Weather isn’t a successional process.